Aggregate For Driveway: Types, Costs & Sourcing Options

A driveway isn’t just a stretch of concrete or loose stones; it’s a carefully engineered surface built on the backbone of aggregate—the blend of fine sands, gravels and crushed rock that delivers strength, drainage and visual appeal. Yet with so many options on offer in Perth and across Western Australia—from crusher run and decorative pea gravel to recycled concrete and exposed aggregate finishes—choosing the right material for your site and budget can be daunting.

This article provides a comprehensive, practical overview of aggregate for driveways. We define the term, explore technical attributes such as particle size, shape and grading, and compare the most popular materials found in WA. You’ll discover realistic cost estimates, sourcing advice for local quarries and suppliers, installation and maintenance tips, plus key environmental and regulatory considerations. Real-world figures and links to reputable sources will equip you to make informed decisions.

First, we define aggregate and examine how it underpins a stable, long-lasting driveway.

Understanding Aggregate: Definition and Role in Driveways

A strong, long-lasting driveway starts with the right aggregate. Whether you’re laying a simple gravel drive or specifying a decorative concrete finish, aggregate plays a vital role in stability, drainage and overall performance. In the Perth region—where soils can vary from sandy to clay-rich—selecting the appropriate blend of sands, gravels and crushed rock is the first step towards a driveway that looks good and stands the test of time.

What Is Aggregate?

Aggregate is the collective term for granular materials—sand, gravel, crushed stone or recycled concrete particles—used in civil works. It falls into two main categories:

• Fine aggregate: Usually natural sand or manufactured sand (0.075–4.75 mm). Fine particles fill voids and improve workability in concrete mixes.
• Coarse aggregate: Includes gravel, crushed rock or recycled chunks (4.75 mm to 75 mm+). These larger fragments provide structural strength and resist crushing forces under vehicle loads.

In a concrete driveway, aggregate makes up around 60–70% of the mix by volume. In a loose-lay gravel drive, it forms both the wearing surface and the base layer beneath.

Why Aggregate Matters in Driveways

Aggregate distribution underpins how a driveway carries weight and sheds water:

• Load distribution: A well-graded aggregate layer spreads tyre loads over a wider area, reducing stress on the subgrade and preventing rutting.
• Structural stability: Coarse particles interlock and lock into place once compacted, forming a rigid base that resists deformation.
• Drainage: The void spaces between aggregate grains allow stormwater to percolate rather than pond on the surface—essential in Perth’s occasional heavy downpours.

There’s a key distinction between a pure aggregate driveway (where the stones themselves form the final finish) and concrete driveways that use aggregate as a filler. In loose-lay surfaces, the aggregate is exposed and topped up as it settles. In concrete, the cement paste binds the aggregate together, offering a sealed, uniform surface. Both approaches depend on correct aggregate choice and placement.

How Aggregate Affects Performance and Longevity

Three interrelated factors—grading, compaction and particle characteristics—determine how well your driveway performs:

• Grading and compaction: A well-graded aggregate mix (with a balanced range of particle sizes) compacted to around 95% of its maximum dry density minimises voids and settlement. Poor grading can lead to shifting stones or a brittle concrete surface prone to cracking.
• Skid resistance: Angular, rough-textured stones interlock more effectively and deliver better grip than smooth, rounded pebbles. This matters for steep driveways or wet conditions around pool areas.
• Weathering and maintenance: The right aggregate resists breakdown under UV exposure, freeze–thaw cycles or chemical attack (e.g. de-icing salts). A durable aggregate choice translates to fewer repairs, resealing jobs and topping-ups over the years.

By understanding these principles—what aggregate is, why it’s fundamental to driveway design and how its properties influence durability—you’ll be better equipped to select materials that suit Perth’s local conditions, traffic loads and aesthetic ambitions.

Key Characteristics to Consider When Choosing Driveway Aggregate

Choosing the right aggregate isn’t just about picking a colour or size—it’s about matching material properties to the specific demands of your driveway. In Perth’s varied climate, factors like load-bearing capacity, drainage, resistance to weathering and aesthetic goals all hinge on a few key characteristics. Here’s what to look for:

Particle Size Distribution and Gradation

Gradation describes the spread of particle sizes within an aggregate blend. A well-graded mix contains a balanced range—from fine sands to coarse gravel—so smaller particles fill the gaps between larger ones. This balance minimises voids, improves compaction and delivers a stable surface that resists settlement.

Ideally, surface mixes use particles ranging from 0–20 mm. For sub-base layers, you might see 10–40 mm blends. When the gradation curve is smooth (no sudden dips or spikes), the aggregate compacts evenly under traffic, reducing the risk of rutting or displacement.

Shape, Texture and Angularity

Not all stones are created equal. Rounded river gravel rolls easily into place but offers less interlock, which can lead to lateral movement under tyres. In contrast, angular crushed stone has jagged edges that lock together, providing stronger compaction and better load distribution.

Surface texture also affects skid resistance. Rough, angular textures grip wet tyres more effectively—a vital consideration for sloped driveways or pool surrounds. If you prioritise a smooth, polished look, honed or polished concrete finishes can mask angular stone while still relying on robust, crushed aggregates beneath.

Strength Rating (MPa), Durability and Weather Resistance

When aggregate is used in concrete driveways, the overall strength is often expressed in megapascals (MPa). Residential driveways typically call for a concrete strength of 25 MPa, while heavier loads or commercial drives may require 32 MPa or higher.

The aggregate itself should match or exceed these requirements. Hard-wearing rock types like basalt, trap rock or granite resist crushing under load. Additionally, Perth’s UV exposure and occasional heavy rains demand aggregates that won’t degrade, stain or bleach over time. Always check local standards—Main Roads WA, for example, provides guidance on grading and performance criteria for residential pavement.

Permeability and Drainage Properties

Water is a driveway’s worst enemy if it can’t escape. Aggregates with higher porosity allow rainfall to percolate through the surface, reducing ponding and surface flow. Yet too much fine content—like excessive silt or clay—can clog voids and hamper drainage.

Loose-lay gravel drives rely on permeability to channel water into sub-drainage systems or surrounding soil. Even sealed surfaces benefit from a porous base layer to manage runoff and prevent subgrade saturation. When evaluating an aggregate, look for specifications on permeability or perform a simple infiltration test: under a downpipe, measure how quickly water drains into the stone layer.

By assessing gradation, particle shape, strength and drainage characteristics, you’ll narrow down aggregates that not only look great but perform reliably under Perth’s unique conditions. With these factors in mind, you can move on to exploring specific aggregate types—like crusher run, pea gravel or exposed aggregate finishes—confident you’re making a technically sound choice.

Main Types of Aggregate for Driveways

Selecting the right aggregate starts with understanding the options available and matching their characteristics to your driveway’s demands. Below, we explore the most popular materials in Western Australia—each with its own strengths, installation considerations and aesthetic appeal.

Crushed Stone #411 (Crusher Run)

Crushed Stone #411, often called crusher run, is a blend of angular rock fragments and fine stone dust. When compacted, the stone dust fills the voids between larger particles, creating a dense, interlocked base that resists movement and settlement.

Its affordability and reliable compaction make #411 a go-to choice for base layers under pavers, asphalt or loose-lay gravel drives. Installed at 100–150 mm depth and compacted to industry standards, it spreads tyre loads evenly and delivers years of stable performance.

Quarry Process (Crusher Run Alternative)

Quarry process aggregates are closely related to #411 but feature a slightly different mix of crushed rock sizes and fines. In Perth, suppliers typically offer 10–20 mm or 20–40 mm grades suited to sub-base and base layers.

Compared to standard crusher run, quarry process often drains a little better thanks to an adjusted gradation curve. Prices vary by supplier and proximity to the quarry, so it’s wise to compare quotes and inspect sample trays before ordering.

Pea Gravel

Pea gravel is made up of smooth, rounded stones—usually 5–10 mm in diameter—available in warm neutrals like creams, taupes and greys. Its gentle curves lend a relaxed, natural look, ideal for garden paths and light-duty driveways.

Installation requires spreading a 40–50 mm layer over a compacted base and raking it level. However, the round shape limits interlock, so stones can shift under heavier traffic. Pea gravel works best in decorative or low-traffic settings.

Jersey Shore Gravel and Decorative Gravels

Jersey Shore gravel combines small pebbles with shell fragments and other coastal materials to create a beach-inspired finish. Decorative gravels extend this concept, incorporating coloured quartz, river stones or even recycled glass aggregates.

These mixes deliver standout visual interest but are generally suited to lighter use areas or accent zones. You’ll need to top them up more frequently, and edge restraints or stabilising grids can help keep the stones neatly contained.

Marble Chips and Quartz Aggregates

Marble chips and quartz aggregates offer a bright, polished appearance that’s hard to miss. Their light tones reflect heat, making them popular around pools and alfresco living spaces.

On the flip side, smooth stone surfaces may become slippery when wet—pairing them with an anti-slip sealer or blending in coarser aggregates can boost traction. Marble and quartz also sit at the higher end of the price spectrum, so factor that into your budget.

Recycled Concrete Aggregate

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) comes from crushed demolition waste, offering a sustainable alternative to quarried stone. It typically costs less than virgin rock and helps reduce landfill volumes.

Quality can be inconsistent, however, so always check grading, strength performance and absence of contaminants. Request supplier certification to ensure compliance with AS 2758 standards before you commit to a bulk order.

Exposed Aggregate Finishes

Exposed aggregate involves placing a concrete slab with decorative stones mixed in, then removing the surface paste to reveal the aggregates beneath. This approach blends the durability of concrete with the texture and colour of natural stone.

Terrastone has installed hundreds of exposed aggregate driveways across Perth, tailoring each stone blend to suit individual tastes—from subtle river pebbles to bold coloured quartz. Beyond driveways, this finish shines in pool surrounds and alfresco areas. For inspiration, explore our collection of exposed aggregate projects.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Aggregate Types

Choosing the right driveway aggregate involves balancing performance, appearance, upkeep and budget. Some materials deliver rock-solid strength under heavy vehicles, while others shine in decorative accents but demand more frequent attention. Here’s a side-by-side look at how the most popular aggregate options stack up.

Structural Performance and Load-Bearing

Structural integrity is critical if your driveway sees cars, trailers or occasional heavy loads. Below is a quick comparison of compaction ability and suitability for high-traffic scenarios:

Crushed stone and quarry process form a dense base that spreads load evenly. Loose-lay gravels tend to shift under weight, so they’re best for light vehicles and infrequent use. Exposed aggregate concrete combines a stiff cement matrix with decorative stones, making it the go-to for driveways that handle regular traffic.

Aesthetic Appeal and Customisation

If your priority is kerb appeal, decorative aggregates bring colour and texture to the fore. Here’s what each offers:

• Pea gravel: soft curves and natural hues (creams, greys) for a casual, garden-style look.
• Jersey Shore mixes: coastal charm with shell fragments and muted stones, ideal for pathways and low-traffic zones.
• Marble chips & quartz: bright, reflective surfaces that catch sunlight—perfect for pool surrounds and alfresco areas.
• Exposed aggregate concrete: endless customisation via stone choice, colour additives and surface finish, from honed to high-polish.

For a statement driveway, marble or quartz can be scattered as accents within a darker base. Alternatively, a tailored blend of river pebbles in an exposed aggregate pour delivers a seamless, premium finish.

Maintenance Requirements and Lifespan

No driveway is zero-maintenance, but some need more TLC than others:

• Crushed Stone #411 / Quarry Process: virtually maintenance-free as a base layer (20–30 years lifespan). When used as a surface, expect minor re-grading every 3–5 years.
• Pea Gravel & Decorative Gravels: annual topping-up, occasional raking to level stones. Lifespan before full replacement sits around 5–10 years, depending on traffic.
• Marble Chips / Quartz Aggregates: dust‐free if sealed; re-seal every 2–4 years to prevent stone loss and staining. Without sealant, expect top-ups every 3–5 years.
• Recycled Concrete Aggregate: similar upkeep to crushed stone; quality of source material affects lifespan.
• Exposed Aggregate Concrete: sweeping or pressure-washing once or twice a year; reseal every 3–5 years. A well-installed slab can last 20+ years.

Edge restraints and stabilising grids can reduce stone migration for loose surfaces, cutting down on frequent replenishment.

Cost Implications and Value for Money

Initial outlay and long-term costs both matter. Here’s a rough guide to material plus basic installation, per square metre:

• Gravel (pea, Jersey Shore): $20–$40
• Decorative gravels (marble, quartz): $50–$80
• Crushed Stone (surface use): $30–$60
• Recycled Concrete Aggregate: $25–$50
• Exposed Aggregate Concrete: $100–$150

Gravel drives are cheap to install but carry topping-up and raking costs every few years. Decorative stones cost more up front and need edge restraints or binders to stay put. Exposed aggregate concrete sits at the higher end initially but delivers a sealed, low-maintenance finish that often represents better value over 20+ years—especially when you factor in resealing rather than stone replacement.

Cost Guide for Aggregate Driveways in Australia

When budgeting for an aggregate driveway in Perth, you’ll need to factor in material expenses, labour and a handful of site-specific extras. Below we break down typical costs in Australian dollars per square metre, drawing on local price guides and trade rates.

Material Costs per Square Metre

• Gravel driveways (pea gravel, crusher run, recycled aggregates): A$20–A$110
– Lower end: basic crusher run or recycled concrete from bulk suppliers
– Upper end: coloured or decorative gravels (marble chips, quartz blends)
(Source: Oneflare gravel driveway costs)

• Exposed aggregate concrete: A$100–A$150
– Includes cement, sand, selected decorative stones and admixtures
– Price excludes labour and sub-base materials
(Source: Hipages cost guide)

• Plain concrete: A$60–A$80
– Standard 25 MPa slab with minimal colour or finish treatments

• Asphalt: A$50–A$70
– Hot-mix surfacing without decorative additives

Labour and Installation Costs

Trades rates vary with site access, preparation complexity and finish quality. Rough guidelines (per m²):

• Laying exposed aggregate concrete: A$90–A$180
– Excavation, formwork, pouring, finishing and initial curing
(Source: Hiretrades guide)

• Installing loose-lay gravel or crushed stone: A$20–A$50
– Spreading, raking, levelling and compaction

• Plain concrete pour: A$40–A$60
– Includes basic float finish

• Asphalt surfacing: A$25–A$40
– Laying, rolling and initial compaction

Labour typically represents 30–50% of your total project cost. Complex sites or decorative finishes can push rates toward the upper end.

Additional Cost Factors

Beyond base materials and labour, these elements can add to your budget:

• Site preparation: removal of vegetation, old pavement, minor earthworks (A$5–A$15/m²)
• Edge restraints: concrete kerbing or steel/timber edging (A$20–A$40 per linear metre)
• Sealing or surface treatments: clear or coloured sealers (A$5–A$10/m²)
• Drainage installation: pipes, outlets and pits (A$50–A$100 per metre of installed drain)
• Access constraints: tight sites may incur crane hire or labour surcharges (5–10% uplift)
• Delivery fees: truck roll-on/roll-off (A$150–A$300 per load, depending on distance and volume)

Always obtain multiple quotes and inspect supplier samples to confirm both quality and inclusions.

Cost Comparison Table

These figures are indicative—final costs will depend on your site conditions, design complexity and local supplier rates. Use them as a starting point when planning your aggregate driveway project in WA.

Where to Source Aggregate: Suppliers and Purchasing Options

Finding the right supplier for your driveway aggregate is as important as selecting the right material. In Western Australia, you’ll choose between established quarries, landscape centres, recycled aggregate specialists and even online marketplaces. Understanding each channel’s strengths—and what to look for when evaluating them—will help ensure you get the quality, quantity and delivery service your project demands.

Local Quarries and Landscape Suppliers

WA is home to several major quarries that produce construction-grade aggregates, including crushed stone, crusher run and specialised decorative gravels. Look for suppliers such as Boral Quarries, BGC Contracting, Holcim and WA Limestone. These companies typically publish product specifications, including grading curves and strength ratings, and they can often arrange plant visits or tray samples so you can inspect colour, particle shape and fines content before committing to a bulk order.

Landscape suppliers—think Armstrong’s Sand & Soil or Australian Native Landscapes—also stock a range of decorative gravels, pea pebbles and blends like “Jersey Shore” mixes. Visiting their display yards or requesting sample bags lets you see how each aggregate looks in natural light, test its drainage properties under a garden hose, and verify that it matches other hardscape elements.

Bulk Delivery, On-Site Crushing and Recycled Suppliers

If your driveway is a large footprint (20 m² plus), ordering bulk deliveries—usually by the tonne or cubic metre—will reduce your per-unit cost. Bulk rates can drop significantly once you exceed a certain volume threshold, and many quarries offer free or subsidised trucking within a specified radius. Be sure to confirm unloading arrangements (dump truck versus tipper) and any minimum order requirements.

For sustainable or remote-site projects, mobile crushing services can transform existing concrete pads or storm-damaged pavements into reusable aggregate on-site. Companies offering on-site crushing will set up portable crusher plants, eliminate waste transport fees and supply fresh recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) that meets AS 2758 standards. Always request lab certificates to confirm the crushed material’s grading and absence of contaminants.

Online Aggregates Marketplaces

Online platforms—such as Tradeling or local Facebook Marketplace pages for bulk materials—can be a quick way to compare prices and availability across multiple suppliers. However, ordering unseen aggregate carries risks: colour tones may vary, particle sizing could differ from the advertised grade, and freight arrangements aren’t always transparent. Before placing a large order online, request small sample bags or swatches, verify delivery distances and inspect seller reviews.

Factors for Selecting a Supplier

When you’ve narrowed down potential suppliers, weigh these factors to make a confident choice:

• Material certification: Ensure the aggregate complies with relevant Australian standards (e.g., AS 2758 for fine and coarse aggregates).
• Delivery radius and fees: Compare freight costs, minimum order sizes and turnaround times—especially if your site is on Perth’s fringe.
• Customer service: A responsive supplier can advise on gradation, stock levels and seasonal price fluctuations, plus troubleshoot any delivery issues.
• Warranty and returns policy: Confirm what happens if material doesn’t meet your expectations—can you return or exchange it without penalty?
• Stock availability: Decorative or coloured aggregates may have lead times; check availability before scheduling your installation dates.

Armed with the right information and a reliable supplier, you’ll secure aggregate that meets structural, aesthetic and budgetary requirements—and set your driveway project up for long-term success.

Preparing Your Driveway Base and Subgrade

A durable, low-maintenance driveway starts long before the stones go down. Proper preparation of the base and subgrade prevents future settlement, cracking and drainage issues. In Perth’s varied soils—ranging from sandier coastal flats to clay-rich hinterlands—following best-practice steps ensures your aggregate driveway performs for decades.

Site Assessment and Soil Testing

Begin with a thorough site inspection. If possible, commission a simple geotechnical review to identify load-bearing capacity, moisture sensitivity and the depth of any fill or organic material. At minimum, dig a few test pits:

• Remove topsoil, vegetation and tree roots to expose natural subgrade.
• Look for soft, organic layers or pockets of clay that will compress under load.
• Check whether the existing soil holds moisture—clays swell when wet, then shrink in drought.

Where weak soils are discovered, consider replacing them with a stiffer fill or installing a geotextile membrane to separate subgrade from aggregate. Clearing and testing at this stage avoids surprise failures once the driveway is in use.

Compaction Standards and Moisture Control

Achieving around 95% of the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) is a benchmark for driveway longevity. Follow these steps:

1. Determine the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) via a Proctor test or supplier data sheet.
2. Spread each aggregate layer at or within 2% of the OMC—too dry and stones won’t bind; too wet and compaction falls off.
3. Use a plate compactor or small roller, making several passes in overlapping patterns.

Regularly check with a field density gauge. Proper compaction locks the particles in place, prevents future settlement and delivers a stable platform for your finish material.

Base Layer Recommendations

The base aggregate layer bears the brunt of vehicle loads, so thickness and particle selection matter:

• Aim for 100–150 mm of compacted base aggregate.
• Use a well-graded mix: coarse stones (20–40 mm) interspersed with fines (0–20 mm). This gradation locks particles together and minimises voids.
• Place the base in two lifts (e.g. 75 mm per pass), compacting each lift fully before adding the next.

Where soils are particularly soft, a thinner sub-base of larger rock (40–75 mm) beneath the 100 mm compacted layer can distribute loads further. Always finish with a final levelling pass to ensure a uniform thickness for your wearing course.

Drainage and Edge Restraints

Even the best-built driveway can fail if water is allowed to pool beneath or beside it. To manage runoff:

• Introduce a consistent fall of 1–2% away from buildings—roughly 10–20 mm drop per metre.
• Install grated channels or perforated pipes at low points if natural drainage is inadequate.

At the perimeter, edge restraints stop aggregate migration and maintain a neat profile. Common options include:

• Concrete kerbs: permanent, low-maintenance and visually seamless with concrete finishes.
• Treated timber or steel edging: cost-effective, quick to install and easy to replace.
• Plastic or composite strips: hidden from view and ideal for garden-style drives.

Proper base preparation, compaction and drainage setup are the unsung heroes of an aggregate driveway. With these steps in place, the wearing course you choose—whether loose gravel, crushed stone or exposed aggregate concrete—will settle evenly, resist weathering and deliver a lifetime of reliable performance.

Step-by-Step Installation of an Aggregate Driveway

Installing an aggregate driveway involves more than dumping stones and hoping for the best. Each phase—from clearing the site to applying the final seal—affects durability, drainage and the final look. Below is a methodical approach to ensure your drive settles evenly, resists weathering and meets local standards.

Clearing, Excavation and Setting Levels

The first step is to mark out your driveway using stakes and string lines, ensuring a consistent width and alignment. Excavate to the required depth, typically 200–300 mm for a gravel drive (including base and finish layers), and remove all topsoil, vegetation and organic matter. This prevents future settlement and weed growth.

As you dig, maintain a fall of 1–2 % away from buildings to encourage stormwater runoff. Check levels with a spirit level or laser level and adjust the subgrade accordingly. If you encounter soft or clay-rich soils, replace them with a stiffer fill or install a geotextile membrane to improve stability.

Laying and Compacting Base Aggregate

Choose a well-graded base aggregate—typically a 10–40 mm crusher run or quarry process. Spread the material in two lifts of about 75 mm each to ensure even compaction. Before each pass, lightly mist the surface to reach around 2 % above the optimum moisture content; this helps the stones bind together effectively.

Use a plate compactor or light roller, making overlapping passes at a steady pace. Aim for at least 95 % of maximum dry density (MDD) as measured by a field density gauge. Once both lifts are compacted, finish with a levelling pass to confirm a flat, uniform surface ready for the wearing course.

Installing Finish Aggregate Layer or Concrete Pour

For a loose-lay gravel surface, spread your chosen finish aggregate—such as 5–10 mm pea gravel or decorative marble chips—to a depth of 40–50 mm. Rake the stones to achieve a consistent thickness and run the compactor over the surface in perpendicular directions. This final compaction locks the finish stones in place and creates a smooth, even appearance.

If you’re opting for an exposed aggregate concrete driveway, set formwork to the desired edge profile and pour a 100–125 mm slab of concrete (typically 25 MPa). Mix in your decorative stones or river pebbles before pouring. After the concrete has stiffened, use a screed and bull float to level and finish the surface. Once it has cured for 24–48 hours, apply an acid wash or surface retardant and gently hose off the cement paste to reveal the embedded aggregates.

Sealing, Curing and Final Quality Check

A quality seal locks in the finish, enhances colour and reduces dust or stone loss. For gravel drives, consider a polymer binder sprayed across the surface—it binds stones without hardening into a rigid crust. For exposed aggregate concrete, use a breathable acrylic sealer; apply two coats with a roller or low-pressure sprayer, allowing 2–4 hours drying time between coats.

Curing is equally important: keep the surface moist for at least seven days after installation—cover with damp hessian or mist-spray periodically if rain is scarce. Once the driveway is sealed and cured, perform a final check:

• Confirm levels and gradient with a straightedge or level.
• Test drainage by running water along the surface; it should flow smoothly to designated outlets.
• Inspect edges for any migration of stone or voids along restraints.
• Walk and drive over the surface to check for soft spots or uneven compaction.

Address any issues promptly to avoid costly repairs down the track. With each step completed properly, your aggregate driveway will be ready to handle Perth’s climate and daily use for years to come.

Maintenance, Longevity and Climate Impact on Aggregate Driveways

Maintaining an aggregate driveway in Perth means balancing routine care with an eye on local weather extremes. Whether you’ve chosen a loose-lay gravel drive, decorative marble chips or a sealed exposed aggregate concrete surface, regular upkeep not only preserves its appearance but extends its lifespan. Below, we cover best practices for everyday maintenance, sealing schedules, common repairs and strategies to cope with WA’s harsh sun, sudden downpours and coastal conditions.

Routine Maintenance Best Practices

Routine attention keeps stones in place and prevents small issues from escalating. For loose-lay gravel drives, plan for an annual re-grading and top-up of finish aggregate. Start by using a rake or landscaping bow rake to level out dips and redistribute stones evenly. If low spots recur, add 20–30 mm of fresh material—pea gravel, crushed stone or marble chips—to those areas.

Sweeping or leaf-blowing helps remove debris that can trap moisture and encourage weeds. For exposed aggregate concrete, pressure-wash lightly once or twice a year to lift dirt and biofilm without damaging the stone surface. Make sure to use a fan spray nozzle at no more than 2,000 psi to avoid etching the cement matrix.

Resealing and Surface Protection

A quality sealer plays double duty: it enhances colour and reduces dust, oil stains and stone loss. Gravel drives benefit from polymer stabilisers that bind stones into a flexible crust—these can be reapplied every 3–5 years depending on traffic. After treatment, give the driveway a few days to cure before driving over it.

Exposed aggregate concrete should be sealed with a breathable acrylic or epoxy sealer. Apply two generous coats with a roller or low-pressure sprayer, allowing 4–6 hours between coats. Reapply every 3–5 years or when water no longer beads on the surface. A simple “splash test” with a garden hose will tell you when the seal’s wearing thin.

Repairing Common Issues

Even a well-built aggregate driveway can develop potholes, edge failures or washouts after heavy rain. For potholes, clean out loose debris first, then fill with your original aggregate blend and compact firmly with a hand tamper or small plate compactor. Edge failures—where stones sprawl beyond their restraint—often signal the need for stronger edging materials or a fresh polymer binder application.

Washouts along drainage channels require clearing any blockages and refilling eroded sections with compacted base aggregate, then restoring the finish layer. If you’re unsure or the damage is extensive—say, a metre-wide slump or severe subgrade softening—engage a professional. A project manager can diagnose underlying issues, from poor compaction to inadequate drainage, and recommend corrective works that nip problems in the bud.

Climate and Weathering Considerations

Perth’s Mediterranean climate—hot, dry summers interspersed with winter downpours—places unique stresses on driveways. According to CSIRO research on concrete deterioration, UV radiation can degrade binders over time, while rapid wet-dry cycles cause micro-cracking. For exposed aggregate, selecting sealers with UV inhibitors and reapplying them regularly helps fend off colour fade and surface erosion.

Loose gravels can migrate under heavy rain or bunched tyre paths; maintaining proper fall and perimeter edging channels water away from the subgrade and prevents scouring. In coastal suburbs, salt spray accelerates weathering—rinsing the surface occasionally and using sealers rated for marine environments will protect both exposed aggregate and concrete edge restraints. By tailoring maintenance routines to WA’s weather patterns, you’ll safeguard your investment and keep the driveway looking its best for decades to come.

Enhancing Performance and Aesthetics with Additives and Treatments

Maintaining a driveway that performs well and looks great often involves introducing specialised additives and treatments. Whether you’re working with loose gravel or exposed aggregate concrete, these products can help lock in your chosen finish, reduce maintenance and even enhance visual appeal. Below are some popular options to consider.

Stabilising Agents and Soil Binders for Gravel

Loose-lay gravel driveways are affordable and easy to install, but the stones can shift under traffic or migrate to edges. Polymer-based binders address this by coating individual pebbles with a flexible film that locks them together without forming a brittle crust. Once applied, these binders:

• Minimise loose stone movement, cutting back on raking and topping-up.
• Suppress dust by binding fine particles to larger stones.
• Withstand Perth’s summer heat and occasional downpours, as the cured film remains flexible.

Application is straightforward: spread your finish gravel, compact it, then spray on the binder in one or two thin coats. Within 24–48 hours the driveway is ready for use, boasting a robust, dust-free surface.

Decorative Sealers, Colour Stains and Enhancers

For sealed surfaces like exposed aggregate concrete, a high-quality sealer accentuates the natural hues of the stones while protecting against oil, dirt and UV damage. You can choose from:

• Acrylic sealers (gloss or matte): enhance colour saturation, provide a durable shield and cost less than epoxy options.
• Epoxy or polyurethane sealers: harder-wearing and more chemical-resistant, ideal for driveways exposed to fuel spills.
• Colour-infused sealers: add a subtle tint that complements your home’s palette—think earthy terracotta or cool greys.

A typical sealing schedule involves two coats, applied by roller or low-pressure sprayer, with a 2–4 hour recoat window. Reapplication every 3–5 years maintains the protective barrier and keeps colours vivid.

Polymer-Modified Treatments

Adding polymers directly to your concrete mix takes performance up a notch. These admixtures—latex, styrene-butadiene or acrylic emulsions—modify the cement paste to:

• Boost flexural and tensile strength, reducing the risk of cracking under load.
• Lower permeability, making the slab more resistant to water ingress and weathering.
• Improve adhesion to existing concrete when used in overlays or repairs.

The trade-off is a higher material cost—generally a 10–20 % uplift on the base concrete price—but the long-term durability gains often justify the expense, particularly in high-traffic or coastal settings.

Cost vs Benefit of Additives

While additives come at a premium, their lifespan extension and reduced upkeep can represent real savings. The table below summarises approximate price uplifts alongside the typical benefits and expected lifespan gains:

When planning your driveway project, weigh these figures against your maintenance budget and desired aesthetic. In many cases, a modest upfront investment in quality additives pays dividends in reduced repairs, fewer re-toppings and a finish that stands out well into the future.

Regulatory and Environmental Considerations for Driveway Construction

Constructing a driveway in Western Australia involves more than choosing the perfect aggregate blend. You’ll need to navigate local regulations, meet industry standards and minimise environmental impacts. Addressing these requirements up front not only keeps your project on the right side of the law but also reduces risks—both ecological and financial—over the driveway’s lifetime.

Sustainable and Recycled Aggregate Options

Using recycled or locally-sourced materials is one of the simplest ways to shrink your project’s carbon footprint and support the WA economy. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and crushed demolition waste often come at a lower price point and keep tonnes of material out of landfill. When comparing suppliers, look for certification under Australian Standard ASNZ 2758 (Fine and Coarse Aggregate for Concrete) to ensure your recycled product meets grading, strength and contamination limits.

Sourcing gravel, crushed stone or decorative blends from quarries within 100–150 km of Perth cuts down on transport emissions and delivery costs. Talk to your supplier about:

• Material provenance and any traceability records.
• On-site crushing services that reduce waste and double-up as a sub-base source.
• Certified recycled aggregates that comply with ASNZ 2758 or equivalent state guidelines.

Relevant Standards and Guidelines

Perth’s local roads and pathways typically follow the Main Roads Western Australia Pavement Design Guide for aggregate grading, subgrade preparation and pavement thickness. Although the guide is not published online for free, you can obtain it directly from Main Roads WA or through professional engineering consultancies.

In addition, AS 2758 outlines the required particle size distribution, strength and durability of aggregates used in concrete and civil works. Meeting these standards means:

• The right gradation curve for your chosen aggregate layer (0–20 mm for surface mixes, 10–40 mm for base layers).
• Documented compaction levels—typically 95% of maximum dry density (MDD).
• Assurance that materials will resist weathering, frost (if applicable) and traffic loads.

Local Council Permits and Codes

Most WA councils require a crossover permit before any work begins in the road reserve or verge. Typical requirements include:

• Detailed site plan showing driveway alignment, width (often max. 3.5 m for single-lane drives) and fall away from the kerb.
• Engineering certification or a project manager’s sign-off on pavement thickness, drainage provisions and edge restraints.
• Evidence of compliance with local planning schemes and the Residential Design Codes (R-Codes).

Permit applications usually carry a fee and can take 2–4 weeks to process. Failing to obtain approval can result in stop-work orders, fines or forced reinstatement of the verge at your expense.

Environmental Mitigation

While your driveway is under construction, it’s essential to protect nearby waterways, soil and vegetation. Simple best practices include:

• Stockpile Management: Cover aggregate heaps with tarps or shade cloth to prevent dust and sediment runoff.
• Erosion Control: Install silt fences or sediment traps at the downslope edge of your site, especially if you’re working on a slope.
• Dust Suppression: Keep haul roads damp and apply water or environmentally-friendly dust suppressants during windy days.
• Vegetation Preservation: Erect temporary fencing around native shrubs and trees to avoid root damage.
• Waste Disposal: Recycle packaging, concrete offcuts and excess binders—many landscape yards accept these materials at no extra charge.

By combining sustainable sourcing, strict adherence to standards, proactive council engagement and on-site environmental management, you’ll deliver a driveway that not only performs under heavy use but also respects Perth’s unique setting and regulatory landscape.

Comparing Aggregate Driveways to Other Driveway Materials

Aggregate driveways offer a balance of affordability and drainage, yet they’re just one of several options for transforming your property’s entrance. To decide if a loose-lay gravel surface is right for you—or if another material better matches your budget, maintenance appetite and style—let’s pit aggregate against plain concrete, asphalt and pavers.

Aggregate vs Plain Concrete

Gravel drives are quick to install, letting water permeate the surface and reducing upfront costs. However, they require periodic topping-up, re-grading and edge repairs—typically every 3–5 years. Plain concrete slabs demand a higher initial outlay (A$100–A$140/m²) but deliver a low-maintenance, uniform surface that lasts 20+ years with minimal upkeep. If you want the hardiness of concrete without sacrificing the natural appeal of stone, a decorative exposed aggregate driveway combines strength and customisable aesthetics, though it carries a premium price tag.

Aggregate vs Asphalt

Asphalt driveways sit in the mid-range for cost (A$75–A$110/m²) and offer a smooth, skid-resistant finish with good durability under traffic. They’re softer underfoot than concrete and quicker to repair, but can soften in extreme heat and develop cracks without regular sealing. Loose-lay gravel, by contrast, won’t melt or crack in high summer temperatures, yet it doesn’t provide the same load-bearing rigidity; heavy vehicles can create ruts that need filling more often.

Aggregate vs Pavers and Tiles

Interlocking pavers or decorative tiles can elevate kerb appeal with intricate patterns and a polished finish. The trade-off is labour intensity—material and installation can exceed A$150–A$250/m²—and replacement costs if individual units shift or stain. Gravel wins on cost and drainage, though it lacks the seamless, sculpted look of pavers and may feel less substantial underfoot.

Decision Matrix

Below is a quick reference to help you choose:

Use this matrix to weigh your priorities—whether it’s sticking to a tight budget, minimising upkeep or achieving standout visuals—and choose the driveway surface that ticks the most boxes for your project.

Moving Forward with Your Driveway Project

Choosing the right aggregate for driveway is about more than picking a stone you like—it’s about matching material performance with your home’s style, traffic demands and budget. You’ve seen how different aggregates stack up in terms of strength, drainage, aesthetics and cost. Now it’s time to translate that knowledge into action and start planning your own driveway transformation.

Begin by reflecting on three core questions:

• What level of traffic will the driveway endure? (Family cars, trailers or occasional heavy loads?)
• How do you want the finished surface to look and feel? (Natural gravel tones, polished exposed aggregate or a coloured concrete finish?)
• What’s your budget for both installation and ongoing maintenance?

Once you have clarity on these points, arrange for a professional site assessment. A qualified contractor—like our team at Terrastone Architectural Concrete—can confirm subgrade conditions, suggest suitable aggregate blends and outline a realistic timeline. They’ll also handle permit applications, edge restraint design and drainage requirements to ensure your driveway meets local standards and performs reliably over the long haul.

Finally, visit our project gallery and services page at terrastone.com.au to explore real-world examples of decorative concrete solutions. Whether you’re drawn to the textured elegance of exposed aggregate or the rugged practicality of a crusher-run base, our experienced team can guide you through every step—from material selection to flawless installation—so you can enjoy a driveway that looks great and stands the test of time.